Ahmed Kassem

Ocular Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Critical Narrative Review with Quantitative Appraisal and Comparison with Adult Disease

Ahmed Kassem & Ashraf Soliman · Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal · 2026

Background and Significance: The eye is a target organ for almost every hormonal axis, and endocrine disease in childhood therefore carries ophthalmic consequences that are not simply earlier versions of adult disease. Ocular tissue in the growing child is still undergoing axial...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/or/2026/v21i4523

Vitamins and the Eye: A Critical Narrative Review of Ocular Effects in Nutritional Sufficiency and Vitamin Deficiency

Ahmed Kassem & Ashraf Soliman · Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology · 2026

Vitamins are indispensable to ocular metabolism, yet the clinical meaning of a vitamin–eye association depends strongly on whether the individual is deficient, nutritionally replete, or receiving a pharmacological disease-specific formulation. This critical narrative review evalu...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/ajrrop/2026/v9i1166

Endocrine Regulation of Ocular Growth in Childhood and Adolescence: A Critical Narrative Review of the Growth Hormone–Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Axis and Related Hormonal Systems

Ahmed Kassem & Ashraf Soliman · Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Ophthalmology · 2026

The postnatal eye enlarges under tight optical control, coordinating corneal power, lens change and axial elongation so that the retinal image remains focused as the globe grows. Because this process unfolds during the same years in which the somatotropic axis drives somatic grow...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/ajrrop/2026/v9i1160