Agricultural extension is being reshaped by four simultaneous pressures: the arrival of low-cost digital and artificial-intelligence-based advisory tools, the reframing of farmer decision-making by behavioural economics, the intensification of climate risk and the restructuring o...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jsrr/2026/v32i104563
Farmer producer organisations were promoted chiefly as instruments of collective marketing that would allow smallholders to capture economies of scale, reduce transaction costs and bargain more effectively with buyers. Policy expectations have since widened. In India, where the p...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jsrr/2026/v32i104556
Farmer producer organisations, a category that includes marketing and service cooperatives, farmer groups and the producer companies promoted in India, have become a central instrument of agricultural development policy. They are expected to reduce transaction costs, pool output,...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i104538
Farmer producer organisations have become a central instrument of agricultural policy for smallholders in low- and middle-income countries, and women-led or women-only variants are increasingly promoted as a route to rural women’s economic empowerment. The assumption that collect...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jsrr/2026/v32i104559