Extension and Institutional Determinants of Climate Adaptation among Small Cardamom Farmers in Idukki, Kerala
Milu Mathew, R. Devaraj & Leema Mathew · International Journal of Environment and Climate Change · 2026
Aims: This study examined whether climate-risk perception and self-efficacy predict adaptation behaviour and whether variation in local institutional environments contributes to differences in adaptation outcomes among small cardamom farmers in Idukki District, Kerala. Study Desi...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i95664