Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) represent a critical environmental, public health, and socio-economic challenge for freshwater ecosystems across India. Driven primarily by anthropogenic nutrient loading, climate change, and altered hydrological regimes, the proliferation of toxic phy...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i45382
This study investigated the effects of selected natural feed additives - kefir, makhana, pineapple and garlic on growth performance, survival and digestive enzyme activity in Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. Five dietary treatments were formulated: a control diet (DC) without additi...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jabb/2026/v29i13598
Gowhar Iqbal, Lukram Sushil Singh, Maharshi Limbola, Arya Singh, Devarshi Ranjan, Pinak Bamaniya & Ad Viral Kumar·Annual Research & Review in Biology·2024
Fish possess a unique immune system that, while somewhat similar to mammals, exhibits distinct characteristics. This review paper explains the complexities of fish immunity, highlighting the innate and adaptive immune responses that protect against various pathogens, including ba...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/arrb/2024/v39i112162