Advances in Research

Image Processing from Handcrafted Operators to Foundation Models: A Critical Review of Methods, Applications and Recent Advances

Ankatwar Gajanan, Narote Preetham, Gajjala Lilly Rani, Alurwad Tripat Venkatreddy & K Krunal Yadav · Advances in Research · 2026

Digital image processing has evolved from deterministic operators designed around explicit assumptions to data-driven systems that learn representations, priors and decision rules from large image collections. This transition has improved performance in restoration, segmentation,...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i51693

Prebiotic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Critical Narrative Review of Mechanistic, Observational, and Clinical Evidence

Sheetal B Patil, Preeti V Kulkarni & V. H. Kulkarni · Advances in Research · 2026

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and dietary modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a candidate strategy for risk reduction. Prebiotics—substrates selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health bene...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i51690

Carrot Productivity and Economic Benefits as Influenced by Different Rates of Chicken Manure and NPK Fertilizer

Francis Agyapong, Harrison Kwame Dapaah, Kwame Nkrumah Hope, Emmanuel Appiah & Isaac Ntekor · Advances in Research · 2026

This study assessed the productivity and economic returns of chicken manure (CM) and NPK fertiliser, applied alone and in combination, in carrot (Daucus carota L.) production at Mampong-Ashanti during September–December 2021 and April–July 2022. The experiment used a randomised c...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i51691

Progressive Resistance Exercise for Quadriceps Strength in Male and Female Athletes: A Critical Narrative Review of Loading Models, Modalities, and Sex-Specific Responses

Ritu Harsh Rajdeep, Jeban Daniel & Samriti · Advances in Research · 2026

Quadriceps strength is a central determinant of force production, deceleration, jumping, sprinting, change of direction, and knee-joint control in many sports. Progressive resistance exercise is therefore widely prescribed to athletes, yet the phrase encompasses markedly differen...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i51689

Music and the Human Brain: A Critical Narrative Review of Neural Mechanisms, Training-Induced Plasticity, and Clinical Applications

Nikita Joshi & Himanshu Devki Nandan Sharma · Advances in Research · 2026

Music engages an unusually distributed set of cortical and subcortical systems, spanning auditory, motor, limbic and prefrontal territories, and has therefore become a widely used model for studying perception, prediction, reward and experience-dependent plasticity in the human b...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41688

Deconstructing the KAP Linear Model: Evidence from Maternal Education, Age Outweigh Knowledge and Attitude in Antenatal Care Utilisation in Northern Nigeria

Abdulmutallib Abubakar, Umar Baba Abdullahi, Nabilah Datti Abubakar, Ibrahim Illah Abdulrashid, Douye Mary Eke & Ohiemi Emmanuel Adegbe · Advances in Research · 2026

Background: The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) framework assumes that knowledge shapes attitude and that attitude subsequently influences practice. Aims: This study examined whether maternal knowledge and attitude predicted antenatal care (ANC) utilisation more strongly than e...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41687

Development, Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of a Hand-Operated Maize Sheller

Rinku Grover, Rajender Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Vijay K. Singh & Ravi Gupta · Advances in Research · 2026

Traditional maize shelling is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and often unsuitable for timely post-harvest processing by small and marginal farmers, whereas power-operated shellers may be unaffordable or dependent on unreliable energy supplies. This study developed and evaluate...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41686

Peroneal Nerve Stimulation (Tonic Motor Activation) for Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy: A Critical Narrative Review

Nikita Joshi & Aditi Singh · Advances in Research · 2026

Restless legs syndrome affects a substantial proportion of pregnant women, most often emerging in the second or third trimester and imposing a considerable burden on sleep, mood, and possibly obstetric outcome. Management during pregnancy is constrained: dopamine agonists, gabape...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41683

Implementing Zero-Trust Architecture and Advanced Encryption Techniques in Healthcare Data Systems: A Simulation-based Evaluation of an Adaptive, AI-Driven Security Framework

Chinyere Nelson Amaeze & Ezekiel Dauda Gambo · Advances in Research · 2026

Background: Healthcare data systems in the United States face a threat environment in which conventional perimeter-based security architectures are increasingly mismatched to cloud-connected, vendor-dependent, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-enabled clinical infrastructure....

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41685

Quality Tools in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Healthcare Service Operations: Implementation Barriers, Regulatory Challenges, and Continuous Improvement Strategies

Sushil Kumar Sharma · Advances in Research · 2026

Quality tools originally developed in manufacturing industries have become central to how pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers manage variability, reduce error, and satisfy regulators. Lean, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design, Failure Mode and Eff...

Open access Research Article 10.9734/air/2026/v27i41682