Articaine hydrochloride has become one of the most frequently administered injectable local anaesthetics in dentistry for children, yet its reputation rests on a combination of pharmacological reasoning, practitioner experience and a clinical literature whose methodological quali...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2341
Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances increase plaque retention and promote colonisation by cariogenic organisms, chiefly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species, raising the risk of white-spot lesions and caries. Fluoride toothpaste is the standard preventive measure,...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2340
Lingual tipping of mandibular molars can complicate orthodontic treatment because direct bonding and archwire engagement may be difficult, particularly when the discrepancy between adjacent buccal surfaces is severe. This case report describes the use of a modified lingual arch t...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2339
Background: Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the mandible are rare high-flow vascular lesions that may present with progressive swelling, tooth mobility, cortical expansion, or bleeding. Their clinical and radiographic features can resemble odontogenic cysts and...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2337
Transillumination places a light source on one side of a tissue and observes the light that survives passage to the opposite side, so that internal structure is inferred from patterns of attenuation. The technique is old, inexpensive and technically undemanding, and it has been r...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2338
Kambiz Ebrahimi, Emir Can Arslan, Arian Safi Esfahani, Kiyana Khodabandehloosoltani, Tahoura Talebidelooei, Mohammadreza Jahri Sheijani, Amirreza Behzadi & Natalia Butaeva·International Journal of Research and Reports in Dentistry·2026
Periodontal phenotype has become a central concept in interdisciplinary treatment planning because soft- and hard-tissue dimensions may influence how periodontal and peri-implant tissues respond to orthodontic tooth movement, implant placement, prosthetic emergence, inflammation,...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2336
Mucocele is one of the most common benign lesions of the oral cavity and results from the accumulation of saliva secondary to trauma or obstruction of the ducts of minor salivary glands. Although frequently encountered on the lower lip, mucoceles involving the ventral surface of...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2335
Background: Clear orthodontic aligners create plaque-retentive occlusal surfaces that favour colonisation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, increasing the risk of enamel demineralisation and gingival inflammation during treatment. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrob...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2334
Periodontitis is a chronic, microbially associated inflammatory disease in which host-derived mediators, rather than bacteria alone, drive the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Neutrophil extracellular traps, chromatin scaffolds decorated with granule proteins that are exp...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2333
Background: Edentulism remains a major global public-health burden, commonly rehabilitated using heat-polymerised polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) complete dentures. Microbial colonisation of the porous PMMA surface predisposes to denture stomatitis, and incorporating inorganic nan...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2332