Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Accumulation and Potential Remediation of Copper in Golf Course Putting Greens

Adam W. Gore, Lambert B. McCarty, Philip J. Brown, Virgil Quisenberry, William C. Bridges

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science · pp. 1000–1007 · Published 15 Apr 2024

10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54596

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the potential accumulation of copper (Cu) within a USGA golf green profile and analyze potential remediation techniques of soils containing toxic Cu concentrations. Accumulation study utilized: copper phthalocyanine pigment (Par), copper hydroxide (Junction DF), varying concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSO4) within irrigation, and combinations of each. Products were applied over 13 weeks at Clemson University horticulture greenhouses with samples taken at thatch depth, 0-5.1 cm below thatch, and 5.1-10.2 cm below thatch at conclusion of study. Average Cu concentrations in thatch layer was 634.7 kg Cu ha-1, with 0 - 5.1 cm and 5.1 - 10.2 cm depth concentrations of 11.26 and 6.84 kg Cu ha-1, respectively. Remediation studies exposed 5 mg Cecil sandy loam to 15 ml 1000 ppm of CuSo4-Cu followed by 4 sequential 20 ml filtration cycles of 1 N ammonium sulfate, 1 N calcium nitrate, 1 N gypsum, or water. Single filtration of ammonium sulfate removed similar or greater amount of Cu than cumulative impact of 4 filtrations of any other products with 2064 mg Cu kg-1. Studies suggest that the management or removal of thatch may alleviate toxic accumulation of copper, however the use of ammonium sulfate in irrigation water may provide additional remediation options to turfgrass managers.

turfgrass thatch copper toxicity remediation accumulation adsorption

References (15)

  1. 1 Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management
  2. 2 Copper in plants: acquisition, transport and interactions [DOI]
  3. 3 Statistical Power Analysis can Improve Fisheries Research and Management [DOI]
  4. 4 Copper Trafficking in Plants and Its Implication on Cell Wall Dynamics [DOI]
  5. 5 Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress with Gypsum and Bio-Organic Amendments: A Review [DOI]
  6. 6 Best Golf Course Management Practices
  7. 7 Copper, zinc, lead and cadmium bioavailability and retention in vineyard soils (Rouffach, France): The impact of cultural practices [DOI]
  8. 8 Copper and zinc in vineyard and orchard soils at millimeter vertical resolution [DOI]
  9. 9 Effect of Core Aerification Frequency, Area Impacted, and Topdressing Rate on Turf Quality and Soil Physical Properties [DOI]
  10. 10 Designing field studies in soil science [DOI]
  11. 11 Mobility and fractionation of copper in sandy soils [DOI]
  12. 12 Mechanistic study of lead desorption during the leaching process of ion-absorbed rare earths: pH effect and the column experiment [DOI]
  13. 13 Colorant Effects on Dormant Buffalograss Turf Performance [DOI]
  14. 14 AB‐DTPA and Mehlich III soil tests unable to predict copper available to creeping bentgrass [DOI]
  15. 15 Soil Cultivation and Incorporation Effects on the Edaphic Properties of Turfgrass Thatch [DOI]

Cited by 0

No indexed citations yet.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

7

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

0

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.