Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) against Foodborne Pathogens: A Review

Abstract

Foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to public health, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated the exploration of novel approaches to control their growth and virulence. Quorum sensing, a bacterial communication system, plays a crucial role in regulating virulence factor production and biofilm formation in foodborne pathogens. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), a plant rich in bioactive compounds, has shown promise in inhibiting quorum sensing and reducing the virulence of various pathogens. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the anti-quorum sensing activity of Roselle against foodborne pathogens, highlighting its potential as a natural and effective strategy for improving food safety. Foodborne illnesses are a significant public health concern, with millions of cases reported worldwide each year. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has led to a growing interest in exploring alternative approaches to control foodborne pathogens. Bacterial communication system, plays a crucial role in regulating virulence factor production and biofilm formation in foodborne pathogens. Mechanisms of Roselle extracts have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in various pathogens, including those that contaminate food products. The bioactive compounds present in Roselle, such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids, have been identified as potential quorum sensing inhibitors. Anthocyanins: Anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardio-protective properties. Flavonoids: May help prevent chronic diseases like cancer, CVD, and neurodegenerative disorders. Phenolic Acids: Simple phenolic compounds, commonly found in plant-based foods, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may contribute to health benefits. Anti-quorum sensing activity of Roselle extracts against various foodborne pathogens, including bacteria that cause spoilage and disease. Roselle plant extracts has been shown to reduce biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and motility in these pathogens. Potential Applications: The anti-quorum sensing activity of Roselle extracts has significant implications for food safety and preservation. Roselle-based preservatives could be used to control foodborne pathogens, reduce spoilage, and improve the safety of food products. Roselle extracts have shown promise as a natural and effective strategy for inhibiting quorum sensing in foodborne pathogens. Targeting quorum sensing is advantageous because it: Disrupts bacterial communication and coordination, may reduce antibiotic resistance development, can be a narrow-spectrum approach, preserving beneficial microbes. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of quorum sensing inhibition and to explore the potential applications of Roselle-based preservatives in food safety and preservation. Reduces virulence without exerting strong selective pressure for resistance, potentially slowing down resistance development. This approach shows promise in combating bacterial infections, especially those involving biofilms or antibiotic-resistant strains.