Assessment and Impact of Pesticide Residues on Commonly Consumed Fruits: A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of pesticide residues in commonly consumed fruits in Mumbai and assess their potential health risks to consumers. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 400 regular fruit purchasers. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Mumbai, India (study period not specified). Methodology: Fresh samples of grapes, pomegranates, and strawberries were collected from local vendors, wholesalers, and major supermarkets. Pesticide residues were detected and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Residue levels were compared against established safety standards, and health risk indicators were calculated. Additionally, demographic and produce-handling data were collected, including participants’ occupation, age, income, frequency of purchase, water source, and washing practices. Results: Pesticide analysis revealed the highest copper residue levels in strawberries, moderate levels in grapes, and the lowest in pomegranates. Among the participants, 43.5% were employed in the service sector and 41.8% in the business sector, with 66.3% aged between 17–30 and 41–60 years. A majority (65.1%) earned ₹10,000–₹50,000, and 88.5% were non-Jains. Furthermore, 50% of respondents purchased produce weekly and 41.3% daily, with 54.8% using tap water and 72.5% soaking their produce for 10–15 minutes before consumption. Conclusion: Enhancing consumer awareness and promoting effective washing practices are crucial to reducing pesticide exposure. The findings highlight the need for further research and stricter regulatory measures to improve food safety and protect public health in urban areas.