Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Characterization of Sunflower Inbreds for Breeding Improvement

Abstract

Aims: To assess the genetic diversity and characterize sunflower inbred lines based on morphological and quantitative traits, with the objective of identifying superior genotypes for future breeding programs and varietal improvement. Study Design:  Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Oilseeds Research Station, Latur during kharif-2024. Methodology: Study included 42 sunflower genotypes along with two checks. The diversity analysis was carried out by using Mahalonobis D2 statistic and characterization of sunflower accession by using DUS descriptors and IBPGR guidelines. Results: The evaluation of 40 sunflower inbred lines and 2 checks revealed significant genetic variability across all morphological and yield-related traits. ANOVA showed highly significant differences for key traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed filling percentage, and oil content. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven distinct clusters, with the highest genetic divergence observed between Clusters VI and VII. Head diameter contributed most to the genetic divergence, followed by oil content, volume weight, and seed filling percentage. Cluster VII genotypes were superior for early flowering and yield-contributing traits. Broad morphological variation was noted for leaf traits, ray floret number, seed length, and shape, indicating potential for diverse breeding applications. Conclusion: The study revealed significant genetic variability among 40 sunflower inbreds and 2 checks, identifying promising lines for key yield traits. The observed diversity offers valuable potential for hybrid development and future breeding programs aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability.