Ecological Characteristics Study of the Perennial Vegetation of Al-Shaafin Biosphere Reserve (MAB) in Msallata, Libya

Abstract

Background and Aims: Due to the lack of scientific environmental research on Al-Shaafin, the primary biosphere reserve in Libya, and the nature of its permanent vegetation, this study sought to identify the dominant species. These findings emphasize the reserve's significant conservation value and suggest that safeguarding the dominant perennial species plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem' natural balance and conservating local biodiversity. Study Design:  The study used data from over 20 topographical zones to identify 37 perennial species among 19 families. chorotype analysis indicates a core influence on the Mediterranean (83.8%). Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted within the Al-Shaafin Biosphere Reserve (MAB), situated approximately 90 km east of Tripoli and west of Msallata City, Libya. field surveys were conducted across two distinct seasons: Autumn 2024 (October–November) and Spring 2025 (March). Methodology: Using 52 line-transects and 332 quadrats, the study collected data across the topographical zones. The biological spectrum and chorotype analysis were evaluated alongside density, frequency, and importance value (iv) to assess the vegetation structure. Results: The study identified 37 perennial species among 19 families, with lamiaceae and liliaceales representing the highest taxonomically. With a high density (1.83 plants /m2), frequency (92.48%), and highest importance value (iv) of 75.76%, Stipa Tenacissima L. is the most prevalent species, contributing significantly to the total vegetation cover of 73.2%. however, Cistus Parviflorus Lam. and Ephedra Altissima Desf. were found to have secondary significance, while chamaephytes (27.03%) or nanophanérophytes (24.32%) held the top spot in the biological spectrum due to their adaptation to the Mediterranean climate. moreover, the Simpson’s index of diversity (0.9444) shows high taxonomic richness. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the reserve's significant conservation value and suggest that safeguarding the dominant perennial species plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem' natural balance and conservating local biodiversity.