Estimation of Caffeine Content and Adulteration in Different Branded and Unbranded Tea Available in Local Market

Abstract

Green tea comes from the Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze tea plant, a member of the Theaceae family. In various traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and homeopathy, it has been widely used for its therapeutic properties, including its astringent, diuretic, stimulant, and cardioprotective effects. Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, contains a variety of bioactive compounds including caffeine, polyphenols, and minerals, which contribute to its health benefits. With rising concerns over adulteration in widely consumed products like tea and coffee, this study aimed to assess the caffeine content and identify adulterants in different branded and unbranded tea samples from the Udupi district of Karnataka, India. Results revealed that branded teas generally had higher caffeine content and lower levels of adulteration compared to unbranded samples. Several unbranded teas were adulterated with harmful substances such as coal tar dye, iron filings, and leather flakes, posing potential health risks. This research underscores important public health concerns, particularly in regions with limited food safety regulations, and highlights the need for stricter quality control and consumer awareness.