Ethnobotanical Study of the African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms) in Some Yoruba Localities of Benin Republic

Abstract

Aims: To document production constraints, uses, and farmers' selection criteria for the African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) in some Yoruba localities of Benin Republic, identify production areas, prioritize constraints, evaluate genetic diversity, determine varietal selection criteria, and gather endogenous knowledge on cultivation practices, use, conservation, and seeds. Study Design: Participatory ethnobotanical survey involving group investigations and individual surveys. Place and Duration of Study: Ten villages in the Yoruba cultural zone of southern Benin (Plateau and Collines departments). Methodology: Surveys were conducted using participatory methodologies, including group discussions with comparison matrix for constraints and preferences, and structured questionnaires for individual data (n=21 households). The percentages of constraints and preference criteria were calculated based on the number of villages mentioning these elements relative to the total number of villages surveyed. The percentages of producers’ response have been also calculated.  Results: Eleven local varieties identified, differentiated by seed color (41.7%), cooking time (25.0%), and ritual/symbolic functions (20.8%). Varieties per village: 2-7. Main constraints: pod rot (17.24%), lack of trees for intercropping (17.24%), market outlets (12.06%). Diversity loss: high erosion (up to 100% in some villages). Uses: domestic consumption (100%), rituals (50%). Preference: seed availability (61.9%). Production decline: 81% of producers. Solutions: upright varieties (42.9%), improved practices (37.1%). Conclusion: Local knowledge is crucial for AYB conservation despite erosion; revitalization needs farmer-led selection, adapted varieties, and institutional support. Biochemical/molecular characterization recommended for true diversity assessment.