Factors Associated with Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Gatsinda Zone, Ngozi Commune, Burundi
Nadine Nduwamariya, Lambert Niyoyitungiye, Simon Buhungu, Laetitia Irakoze, Eponine Délice Niyonizeye, Théophile Niyibizi, Bella Tatiana Ingabire, Méchac Ishimwe, Erasme Bengenge, Jean Claude Ndayikengurukiye, Renovat Rukerandanga
Asian Journal of Pregnancy and Childbirth · pp. 546–562 · Published 17 Oct 2026
10.9734/ajpcb/2026/v9i1231Abstract
Background: Women who are simultaneously pregnant and breastfeeding have increased nutritional requirements, and their nutritional status may be associated with household, dietary, obstetric and health-related characteristics. Objective: To examine factors associated with the nutritional status of pregnant and breastfeeding women in Gatsinda Zone, Ngozi Commune, Burundi. Methods: A prospective descriptive study with an analytical component involved 155 women attending Buziragahama, Gatsinda and Gitwa health centres between October 2025 and March 2026. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through KoboCollect. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured to assess nutritional status, and the data were analysed using SPSS version 20, including bivariate analyses and logistic regression. Results: Twenty-five women (16.1%) had a MUAC below 230 mm, while 130 (83.9%) had a normal nutritional status according to the study's threshold. In the reported multivariable analysis, marital status, household size, parity, breastfeeding problems, food-related problems, food taboos, vomiting or nausea, and anaemia during pregnancy were statistically significantly associated with nutritional status. Health centre attended, primary occupation, educational attainment, number of meals per day, food aversions, food allergies, back pain and dental pain were not significant in the adjusted model. The reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.865. Conclusion: Nutritional status was associated with a combination of sociodemographic, obstetric, dietary and symptomatic factors. The findings support integrated maternal nutrition assessment and counselling, alongside attention to food access, breastfeeding difficulties and pregnancy-related symptoms. Interpretation of the adjusted odds ratios requires confirmation of the outcome coding.
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