High-speed Compressed Air Filtration Device: An Effective Alternative to Decrease Cross-contamination in Dental Care

Abstract

Aims: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a filtration device designed to decrease the microbial load in the air system of the dental chair. Methodology: This experimental, laboratory-based, quantitative study involved the construction of a filtration device using modified high-speed handpieces, rubber gaskets, N95 mask filters, and welding. Sample collection was organized into four groups: Group A - Sterilized distilled water; Group B - High-speed handpiece with a closed water system and the filtration device; Group C - High-speed handpiece with a closed water system without the filtration device; and Group D – The filter from the filtration device after use. Samples were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, quantified for microbial growth, Gram-stained, and analyzed microscopically. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25®, with nonparametric tests applied (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc test) due to the non-normal data distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test, P < 0.05). Results: No microbial growth was observed in Group A, confirming the sterility of the water. Group B, exhibited an average of 3.33±3.50 colony-forming units (CFU), representing a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to Group C, which showed substantially higher contamination (32.11±188.36 CFU). The filter in Group D retained microorganisms, with an average growth of 3.00±6.00 CFU, confirming its role in microbial filtration. Conclusion: The filtration device effectively reduced the microbial load in the dental chair's air system, demonstrating its effectiveness as a biosafety measure to minimize cross-contamination in dental environments. Its implementation can contribute to improving infection control, enhancing safety for both professionals and patients.