In vitro Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anticoagulant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Tridax procumbens

Abstract

Background: Tridax procumbens, a medicinal plant traditionally used for various ailments, was evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant properties using in vitro models. Aims: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory as well as anti-coagulant activities of Tridax procumbens by using Egg Albumin Denaturation and Blood Coagulation Assay. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Rani Chennamma College of Pharmacy, Karnataka, India, between June 2025 to October 2025. Methodology: The anti-inflammatory potential of the Tridax procumbens ethanolic extract was evaluated using the egg albumin denaturation assay. Reaction mixtures containing egg albumin, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and test samples (100–800 µg/mL) were incubated at 37± 2°C for 30 min, then heated at 70± 2°C for 15 min. Absorbance was measured at 280 nm using a UV spectrophotometer, and the percentage inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated relative to diclofenac sodium as the reference standard. Anticoagulant activity was determined by assessing prothrombin time in human citrated plasma, using heparin as the reference standard. Samples were incubated at 37°C, and clotting times were recorded. Results: With a dose-dependent rise in percentage inhibition, the extract demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory efficacy that was comparable to Diclofenac. In a similar vein, the extract showed strong anti-coagulant activity, as shown by a prolonged prothrombin time that was on compare with heparin. These results suggest the existence of bioactive substances that can alter coagulation pathways and inflammatory reactions. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study offers scientific support for the traditional medical applications of Tridax procumbens. Its promise as a natural medicinal agent for controlling inflammatory illnesses and averting thrombotic consequences is highlighted by the ethanolic extract's anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant properties. These results prompt more research to identify the precise mechanisms of action of the active phytoconstituents, isolate and describe them, and investigate their possible clinical uses in contemporary medicine.