Kleine Levin Syndrome: An Overall Literature Review with Case Studies

Abstract

The rare condition known as Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) primarily affects teenagers. Extreme somnolence is interspersed with behavioral signs, psychomental abnormalities, and megaphagia. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is unknown, although its prevalence worldwide varies between 1 and 5 cases per million people, with a predisposition for males, primarily during puberty. Relapsing-remitting periods of severe hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, apathy, derealization, and behavioral and mental health issues are the hallmarks of Kleine-Levin syndrome. It affects boys more often than it does females. The misdiagnosis and treatment of KLS as another sleep problem, neurological illness, or mental issue often understates its incidence. Males are more likely than females to have KLS, and it is more frequent during puberty than at later ages. The diagnosis of KLS is difficult since there are presently no clear imaging testing results or established biomarkers. Even though KLS is difficult, some people recover completely; however, there may be long-term psychological and cognitive repercussions. This page discusses the disorder's symptoms, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, course of treatment, and a few case stories. This literature review highlights key findings from the case studies presented in the manuscript, which are useful for diagnosis and treatment.