Lifestyle Modification and Adherence: An Inseparable Measure in Hypertension Control

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the major public health problems, prevalent all over the world. It is newly described as an iceberg disease, as the submerged portion of the iceberg represents the larger, hidden and undiagnosed portion of the disease. It is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Non-adherence to recommended lifestyle is one of the several causes of uncontrolled hypertension. The possible modifiable risk factors include obesity, stress, physical inactivity, high salt diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and others. Lifestyle modification is non-pharmacological therapy that comprise dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, reduction of body weight among overweight, reduced alcoholic intake, smoking cessation, physical activity as recommended by WHO. Adherence is a widespread problem in chronic conditions as hypertension, and is influenced by certain factors. These include; socioeconomic factors, health status of the individual, current therapy, cognitive factor, interpersonal relationship and personal factors. Adherence and lifestyle modification are inseparable measure and as such, public awareness has to be increased on lifestyle modification and importance of adherence emphasized. Understanding these factors can be useful in influencing the health behavior of the population. Motivational interview have shown positive results in improving adherence and participation of intended audience. This measure can be very effective when primary health care approach is applied.