Optimization of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to Control Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the main pests in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation, which can cause a 20-100% decrease in yield. Controlling B. tabaci using chemical insecticides has many negative impacts, as an alternative, the use of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is used which has the potential as a botanical insecticide. This study aims to determine the concentration of neem leaf extract that is effective and efficient in controlling B. tabaci in eggplant plants. The study was conducted in Lolu Village, Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province and neem leaf extraction was carried out at the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University from November 2024 to February 2025. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications so that 24 experimental units were obtained. The treatment consisted of several concentrations of neem leaf extract, namely P0 = control (0 g.L-1), P1-P5 (0.5 g.L-1, 1 g.L-1, 2 g.L-1, 4 g.L-1, 8 g.L-1). The results showed that the use of neem leaf extract was effective in controlling B. tabaci on eggplant plants. Concentrations of 2-4 g.L-1 were effective and efficient in controlling B. tabaci with a population density of 0.35-0.74 individuals plant-1, the attack intensity decreased to 3.43-4.97% and eggplant production reached 7.54-8.26 t ha-1.