Prevalence and Laboratory Profile of Hepatitis B Virus Co-infected Nigerian Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
E. U. Ejeliogu, S. Oguche, A. O. Ebonyi, E. S. Okpe, E. S. Yiltok, M. O. Ochoga, J. A. Anejo-Okopi, O. O. Agbaji, J. A. Idoko, P. Okonkwo, P. Kanki
International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health · pp. 773–781 · Published 12 May 2014
10.9734/IJTDH/2014/10089Abstract
Abstracts Aims: To determine the prevalence of HBV co-infection in HIV-infected children and compare the baseline laboratory profile of mono-infected and co-infected patients. Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)-supported HIV clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria between January 2008 and December 2012. Methodology: We reviewed the clinical records of 452 treatment-naïve children aged 2 months to 15 years confirmed to be HIV positive with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for children <18 months or Western blot for children ≥18 months. The baseline laboratory tests included: HBsAg, plasma viral load and alanine transaminase (ALT), CD4+T cell count for children ≥5years or CD4+T cell % for children <5years. Results: Three hundred and ninety-four (87.2%) were mono-infected with HIV while 58 (12.8%) were co-infected with HIV and HBV (HIV/HBV). At baseline, the median viral load was 4.6 log copies/mL for mono-infected compared to 4.7 log copies/mL for HIV/HBV (P=.48). The median CD4+T cell count was 366 cells/µL for mono-infected compared to 332 cells/µL for HIV/HBV (P=.64). The median CD4+T cell % was 19% for mono-infected compared to 17% for HIV/HBV (P =.29). The median ALT level for the whole cohort was 23 IU/L for mono-infected compared to 26 IU/L for HIV/HBV (P=.15). However the median ALT level for mono-infected children aged 11-15 years was 28IU/L compared to 43 IU/L for co-infected children of same age (P =.008). Conclusion: A high rate of hepatitis B co-infection was observed in HIV-infected children at our centre; however more severe HIV disease was not observed. Older children co-infected with HBV had significantly higher ALT levels compared to their mono-infected counterparts. Early detection is therefore necessary in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan for children co-infected with HIV and HBV.
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