Production of Bio-kerosene from Jatropha curcas Seeds: Evaluation and Parameter Influence

Abstract

Aim: To characterize and investigate parameter Influence of bio-kerosene produced from Jatropha Curcas Seed. Study Design: Oil extraction from the seeds of Jatropha Curcas and then transformation to produce bio-kerosene. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria between June 2010 and November 2011. Further research study was done in the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America between August 2022 and April 2023. Methodology: The raw jatropha curcas was converted oil into biofuel via a two-step method involving transesterification and pre-esterification operations. The free fatty acids (FFAs) was eliminated vai the reaction of methanol with the oil using an acid catalyst. The biodiesel yield was calculated using the already existing mathematical equation. Results: Maximum biofuel yield of 94.5% was obtained from FFA 22.6% in the raw jatropha oil at optimum process parameters which are catalyst concentration NaOH 1.0 wt%, methanol to oil molar ratio 4:1, reaction time 1.5 hours, reaction temperature at 318K and ultrasonic power 210W. Conclusion: The biofuel physical properties prepared from jatropha oil with methanol were within the ASTM specified limits. However, there is need for strong international biofuel feedstock trading systems to enhance the existence of sustainable domestic biofuels industries. Also, government should pertake in significant roles in fostering biofuels industries development in the country. Competitive industries development will be aided by establishing regulatory mandates for commercial production of biofuel technology.