Qualitative Assessment of X-Ray Machines’ Mechanical Parameters at Some Selected Diagnostic Centres in Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: This study assessed the present status of conventional X-Ray machines used for common diagnostic X-Ray examinations in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Total of 112 X-Ray machines from 106 diagnostic centres from six geopolitical zones in Nigeria were considered. Structured questionnaires and Diavolt Dosimeter were respectively used for data collection and measurements of parameters: Half-Value Layer (HVL), tube voltage (kVp) reproducibility, kVp accuracy and beam output linearity/stability. Results: By zonal distribution of X-Ray units, the highest number (36%) and the least (7%) was from the south-west and south-south respectively. In all, 71% were owned by private institutions, 71% were non-mobile, 64% were operated on 3-phase generator and 35% were within the age of ten years. The HVLs of 97% of the X-Ray units were within the standard thickness of 2.3 mmAl (at 80 kVp, 100 cm FFD), 88% have acceptable kVp reproducibility and 51% have kVp accuracy within ±5%. Only X-Ray units (64%) operated on 3-phase generator produced beam output that are within acceptable stability. Conclusion: This study showed that some (65%) of the X-Ray units considered are aged (>10 years) and about 49% of the units failed kVp accuracy test. This may be due to inconsistency in the quality assurance checks of X-Ray units by some diagnostic centres, especially those in the south-south region. The authors therefore recommended strict measures, to be put in place by the regulatory authority, that will make all diagnostic centres in Nigeria to comply with the requirements for peaceful radiation practices.