Strengthening Cybersecurity and Data Governance in Nigeria’s Aviation Industry: Implications for Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence AI, and Big Data Systems

Abstract

Nigeria’s aviation industry is increasingly adopting digital systems, including blockchain, artificial intelligence and big data analytics, for passenger processing, cargo tracking, predictive maintenance, operational monitoring and regulatory oversight. These technologies may improve efficiency and decision-making, but they also introduce cybersecurity and data governance risks that can affect safety, confidentiality, compliance and operational resilience. This study examined cybersecurity readiness and data governance practices associated with the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and big data systems in Nigeria’s aviation sector. A mixed-method research design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from aviation stakeholders using structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from key informant interviews. The study focused on regulatory agencies, airport authorities, airline personnel, ICT managers and senior management staff involved in digital aviation systems. Out of 220 questionnaires administered, 198 were completed and returned, representing a 90% response rate. The findings showed a modest level of cybersecurity preparedness among respondents, with a grand mean of 3.00. Data governance practices were also found to be present but not fully mature, with a grand mean of 2.93. The most frequently reported challenges were inadequate cybersecurity financing, lack of experienced cybersecurity personnel, weak regulatory enforcement, legacy information systems and poor collaboration among institutions. Alignment with international cybersecurity standards was also moderate, with a grand mean of 2.92. The study concludes that stronger institutional coordination, improved funding, staff development, periodic cybersecurity assessment and sector-specific data governance frameworks are required to support secure digital transformation in Nigeria’s aviation sector.