Study of the Histological and Histopathological Effects of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) on Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage in Rabbits

Abstract

Cisplatin (cis-diammine-dichlorido-platinum II) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating different cancers types. However, its usage is limited because it induces harmful toxicities in multiple organs, including nephrotoxicity. Garlic extract has several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity. The aim of the study is to alleviative effects of garlic extract (Allium sativum) cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rabbits. Twenty-seven healthy domestic male rabbits were used in this work were randomly divided into three groups, each comprising of nine rabbits.The first group (Co) served as control and received a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution, once per week, for six weeks, the second group (Cp) were treated with (7mg/ kg of body weight) therapeutic dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally once per week for six weeks and the third group (Cp+ Ga) received a dose of 250mg/kg body weightof garlic extract by oral gavages, starting from the first day of the experiment for 6 consecutive days before and 6 consecutive days after the cisplatin injection and continued daily for 6 weeks. In addition, this group was treated with (7 mg / kg of body weight) therapeutic dose of cisplatin intraperitoneally once per week for six weeks.After six weeks of experiment, the animals of the experimental and control groups were anaesthetized by ether inhalation, laparotomized. From the renal histological sections of Cp-treated group displayed pronounced histopathological lesions, destruction of the renal tubules, slogging of almost entire epithelium due to desquamation of tubular epithelium, with pyknosis of their nuclei and swelling with multi-vacuolations of the cytoplasm with obliteration of their lumina, remarkable necrosis, and hyaline casts in renal tubules and focal area of severe haemorrhage compared with those of control (Co) group. While sections from the kidneys of animals received a therapeutic dose of cisplatin and were treated by garlic extract, group (Cp+Ga) revealed less to no distinct pathological damage in renal corpuscles and renal tubules were restored nearly to the control ones. It is concluded that garlic (Allium sativum) extract has a powerful alleviative effectagainst CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.