Study on the Current Status of Agriculture under Climate Change and Groundwater Recharge Methods in Paddy Fields in South Korea

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current status and challenges related to groundwater use in agriculture, emphasizing its critical role in water resource management, soil quality improvement, and environmental sustainability. With global climate change accelerating and agricultural practices developing, groundwater demand is increasing significantly, particularly in regions like South Korea. Over exploitation and contamination from excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers pose serious threats to groundwater quality and availability. The paper synthesizes recent findings on groundwater depletion, pollution risks, and the impacts of shifting agricultural patterns, such as crop changes and irrigation methods. It highlights the importance of sustainable practices—including water-saving irrigation, soil permeability improvement through deep tillage and ridge cultivation, and eco-friendly farming certifications—to replenish and conserve groundwater resources. Moreover, the paper underscores the necessity for integrated policy frameworks and advanced technological solutions to address groundwater scarcity and ensure agricultural productivity amid climate variability. These efforts are essential to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and secure a resilient agricultural water supply for the future.