Survey on Cultivation Practices and Soil Fertilization Methods in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Cropping Systems in Karakoro, Northern of Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

In Côte d’Ivoire, soil fertility is a major challenge for the sustainability of agricultural systems. The progressive degradation of arable land is exacerbated by the intensive use of chemical fertilizers, resulting in declining crop yields and increased environmental risks. This study, conducted in Karakoro (Northern of Côte d’Ivoire), aimed to contribute to the development of a soil fertility management strategy for sorghum-based systems by characterizing cropping practices and soil fertilization methods. Data were collected through individual surveys, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. A total of 175 sorghum producers were surveyed regarding cultivated varieties, cropping techniques, constraints, and fertilization practices. The results revealed a strong predominance of red-grained sorghum (99.3%), mainly used for local beer production, household consumption, and marketing. The dominant cropping practices were animal-drawn ploughing and furrow sowing (98%). The main constraints identified included soil infertility (71.7%), climate variability, high input costs, and pest pressure. Fertilization practices relied primarily on mineral fertilizers (NPK and urea), applied in microdoses, while compost use was entirely absent across the study area. However, farmers expressed increasing interest in compost derived from plant residues due to its local availability. These findings highlight the need for simple and context-adapted solutions. The integration of organic fertilizers with agroecological practices could enhance soil restoration and improve the sustainability and resilience of sorghum-based cropping systems in northern Côte d’Ivoire.