The Lapat System: An Indigenous Natural Resource Management Practice of the Isnags in Apayao, Philippines

Abstract

The Lapat System is one of the Isnags’ traditional practices that promotes the conservation of natural resources. The Lapat term means prohibition, restriction, or no trespassing while the Isnags are the native people of the Apayao Province in the Philippines. This study documented and validated the Lapat system in the municipalities of Conner, Kabugao, Pudtol and Calanasan, Apayao as a way of conserving natural resources. The study utilized a descriptive-survey method complemented by Focus Group Discussions and interviews. The researcher also employed direct observation during both the declaration and termination phases of Lapat in identified areas. Based on the results, the practice of Lapat by the Isnags has in it the unique characteristics of providing a wealth of knowledge in environmental management. Today, Lapat is still practiced by the elders to declare a body of water, forests, plantation, and residential lots as sacred in honor of a dead member of the family. These areas are preserved by the bereaved family within a year or two by imposing penalties to intruders or violators, thus making the area untouched within the prescribed period. Lifting of the Lapat is commenced through a say-am or a grand festivity with many rituals usually held within 2-3 days celebrated by all the members, relatives of the family and the community people. Neighboring barangays are likewise invited. By application and through consistent practice by the Isnags, Lapat has contributed significantly in preserving and conserving the natural resources in the province. The forests especially those rich with flora and fauna have been protected by the abusive use of kaingeros, small scale loggers and nomadic vegetable gardening. Marine resources have also been protected by all forms of illegal fishing practices which significantly increases the propagation rate of fresh water fishes especially the most endangered species. Lapat is a way of life and a culture-bound indigenous practice in promoting natural resources therefore, it should be conserved. It was recommended that the local government units in Apayao should legislate the adoption and support the implementation of the Lapat system to all the 7 municipalities in the province.