Uses and Conservation Practices of Two Plants with Melliferous Potential in the Binah Prefecture of Togo: Vitex doniana Sweet (Lamiaceae) and Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae)

Abstract

Background: The Sudanese savannas of Togo are rich in wild fruit trees with significant beekeeping and socioeconomic potential, including Vitex doniana Sweet and Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. These natural melliferous resources are overexploited in certain areas of the country, thus reducing their ecosystem benefits. Aims: This study, conducted in the Binah prefecture, contributes to improving the sustainable management of spontaneous woody resources. Methodology: Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with a sample of 205 people. These interviews were conducted using a pre-established questionnaire or an interview guide, allowing for the targeting of individuals with proven knowledge of the species or resource persons designated by the groups. The methods of preserving these plants by the local populations were documented during these interviews. Result: The seven (7) uses of Vitex doniana and Diospyros mespiliformis reported by local populations are: food, medicinal, fodder, timber, fuelwood, crafts, and oral hygiene. Food use was the most frequently cited. Conservation in agroecosystems and home gardens is identified as a key local strategy for managing natural resources. The vulnerability of these two species is a combined consequence of their high use value and their limited local domestication. Conclusion: It is imperative to provide technical and financial support to local communities in implementing sustainable management strategies for these natural resources of high ecosystem value.