Zinc Gluconate: A Promising Foliar Nutrient for Enhancing Crop Productivity

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is a crucial micronutrient vital for various physiological and biochemical functions in plants, including enzyme activation, protein synthesis and growth regulation. Zinc deficiency, prevalent in many agricultural regions worldwide, leads to significant reductions in crop yield and quality. This review explores the potential of zinc gluconate as a foliar nutrient to enhance crop productivity. Foliar application, an effective method for addressing micronutrient deficiencies, ensures rapid absorption and utilization by plants, bypassing soil-related issues that limit zinc availability. Zinc gluconate, an organic compound, offers high solubility, stability, and bioavailability, making it a superior alternative to inorganic zinc sources. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of zinc gluconate in improving yield and quality in various agricultural and horticultural crops, including rice, wheat, maize, cotton and tomato. Additionally, zinc's role in mitigating abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures through enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms and improved water-use efficiency underscores its significance in sustainable agriculture. The review highlights the benefits of integrating zinc gluconate foliar applications into nutrient management strategies, particularly in organic farming systems where synthetic chelates are restricted. The compatibility of zinc gluconate with other agrochemicals and its low phytotoxicity further enhances its appeal. This review underscores the need for further research to optimize application rates and methods, ensuring maximum benefits across diverse agro-ecological conditions. The adoption of zinc gluconate as a foliar nutrient presents a promising approach to improving crop health and productivity, contributing to global food security and sustainable agricultural practices.