Mucoceles are benign, expansile pseudocystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses caused by sinus ostial obstruction and chronic inflammation. They are rare pathologies, mainly affecting adults, and are most commonly located in the fronto-ethmoidal sinus system. Mucoceles are charact...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i3513
Background: Ocular injuries are an under-recognized cause of vision loss, leading to blindness, disability, and significant socioeconomic burden, especially in resource-limited settings. They commonly occur alongside traumatic brain injury, but their incidence and patterns vary w...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i3512
Background: Eyelid eczema includes a heterogeneous group of inflammatory dermatologic conditions affecting the periocular region. Although these disorders often present with similar clinical features, their etiologies are distinct. Aim: We aimed to establish demodex infestation a...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i3511
Contact lenses represent one of the most widely used biomedical devices globally, with well over 140 million wearers correcting refractive errors and managing various ocular conditions. Over the past six decades, the field has undergone a remarkable transformation—from rigid poly...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2510
Background: Visual impairment, ranging from low vision to blindness, is a growing global problem affecting about 2.2 billion people in 2026, with many cases preventable. Retinal diseases are a major cause, especially in developing regions, emphasizing the need for early detection...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2509
M. R. Haranadha Reddy, Lavanya Ummadi Singh, Sarah Fatima, Farya Muskaan Khan, Mohammed Monis Saad, Lasya Snkp Duggirala, Guttikonda Sai Roshini Surabhi Reddy & Nitya Madhurya Duggirala·Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal·2026
Isolated orbital fractures are frequently approached as injuries of facial skeleton and orbital volume, yet their most consequential morbidity often lies in concurrent ocular and optic nerve injury. Although many patients have only minor adnexal or conjunctival findings, a clinic...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2508
Background & Scope: Ocular drug delivery is inherently limited by anatomical and physiological barriers such as rapid tear turnover, blinking, nasolacrimal drainage, and restricted corneal permeability. These protective mechanisms substantially reduce drug residence time and...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2506
Background: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) is an effective cor ticosteroid used in managing retinal conditions such as cystoid macular edema (CME), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Despite its therapeutic benefits, IVTA is known to caus...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2507
Background and Aim: Ocular trauma refers to injuries of the eye, its surrounding structures, or the orbit. It is a significant but often underrecognized cause of visual impairment and blindness, as it usually affects only one eye and is underreported in epidemiological studies. T...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2504
Background and Aims: Retinal detachment (RD) is the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium, causing subretinal fluid buildup. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade is commonly used to treat retinal detachment. The aim of the st...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2505
HIND SAFI, SALAH EDDINE EL BACHIR, El Mehdi Hadiri, ASMAE NAJAH, Aya Mouhcine, Yasmine Rohi, LAILA CHAKIR, YOUNES TLEMCANI, SARAH BELGHMAIDI & ABDELJALIL MOUTAOUAKIL·Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal·2026
Background and Aims: Goldenhar syndrome is a rare condition that causes a defect in the development of structures derived from the first and second branchial arches, manifesting with a wide range of symptoms, including ocular, auricular, and vertebral abnormalities. The objective...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2502
Introduction: Infectious keratitis (IK) is a major cause of preventable corneal blindness, disproportionately affecting populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The visual prognosis is often clouded by complex challenges, including a specific microbiological profile, frequent dia...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2503
Aims: To evaluate the proportions and assess factors associated with pre-operative anxiety among patients undergoing elective eye surgeries at KCMC. Study Design: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology at Kilimanj...
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Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i2501
Background: Strabismus, a condition characterised by eye misalignment, affects 2-5% of the global population, leading to vision problems, psychological distress, and social challenges. Despite surgical interventions aiming to realign the eyes, predicting outcomes remains difficul...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i1500
Background: Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of visual impairment among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. While common risk factors such as hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are well established, the role of micronutrients like serum magnesium in the progre...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/or/2026/v21i1499