Rainfall variability strongly influences agricultural planning and water-resource management in monsoon-dependent regions. This study assessed annual variability and seasonal shifts in rainfall in Saharsa district, Bihar, using weekly records organized by Standard Meteorological...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85585
Safe drinking water remains a major public health challenge in many developing settings. This study assessed the microbiological quality of well and borehole water intended for consumption in the municipality of Parakou, Benin. A total of 189 samples, comprising 135 well-water sa...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85579
Aims: To assess the spatial and temporal changes in the land cover of Bengaluru Urban district, Karnataka, India, over a thirty-year period (1992-2022) using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Study Design: Multi-temporal satellite image classification and post-classification cha...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85577
Fruit trees can contribute to climate-change mitigation by retaining carbon in long-lived biomass, although cultivar-level variation under high-density orchard systems remains insufficiently documented. This study evaluated the standing biomass carbon and carbon dioxide-equivalen...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85578
This study examined the spatial and seasonal variability of electrical conductivity in the Atlantic Ocean across two major Nigerian coastal systems—the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny—over four seasonal periods (dry, dry–wet, wet, and wet–dry). Integrated ocean-water sample...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85574
Panimiri village in Dibrugarh district, Assam, experiences recurrent flooding that affects agricultural activities and damages conventional vermicomposting units. This study documents a field-level intervention implemented under the Technology Demonstration Component of the Natio...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85575
Lateral spacing and irrigation frequency are two of the most frequently manipulated design and management variables in surface and subsurface drip irrigation, yet their combined influence on crop performance remains inconsistently characterised across the agronomic and irrigation...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85576
Agriculture and agrifood systems are important contributors to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with emissions arising from livestock, rice cultivation, land-use change, crop-residue burning and fossil-fuel use. This narrative review evaluates organic farming as a possible...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85569
This study evaluates the physicochemical properties of drinking-water resources in Gram Panchayat Bajuri, Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh, to assess their suitability for human consumption. Five water samples collected from different sources, namely a handpump, three stepwell...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85570
Background: This study evaluated the health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in an integrated fish–lettuce pond system compared with that of fish reared in a conventional monoculture pond system in Côte d’Ivoire. Methodology: Water-quality parameters measured...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85571
Groundwater is a critical source of irrigation and domestic water in regions where surface-water availability is seasonally variable. This study assessed groundwater potential in the Appapuram canal command area, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India, for the period 2012–13 to 2...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85572
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a central component of soil health and a major terrestrial carbon reservoir that influences nutrient cycling, soil structure, water retention, biological activity and crop productivity. Indian agricultural soils have experienced SOC depletion because...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85573
An experiment was conducted to identify the inoculation period associated with maximum pokkah boeng development in sugarcane under the subtropical conditions of North Bihar. Four susceptible sugarcane varieties, Co 0238, CoV 92102, CoSe 95422 and CoLk 94184, were inoculated on 15...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85567
Establishing thermoneutral surface temperature baselines for Indian dairy breeds is critical for designing precision early-warning systems for heat stress. The present study employed digital infrared thermography (IRT) to characterise circadian and diurnal variations in body surf...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85568
Anaerobic co-digestion offers a practical route for recovering renewable energy from agricultural residues and livestock waste, but the recalcitrant structure of wheat stalk can restrict substrate degradation and methane production. This study evaluated the combined effects of su...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i85565