A Radiographic Study on Prevalence and Distribution of Accessory Ossicles and Sesamoids of the Foot in Indian population

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones are variable in distribution. The accessory ossicles and sesamoids are usually asymptomatic, normal variants, and misdiagnosed or overlooked. Objective: The primary objective is to estimate the prevalence and distribution of accessory ossicles and sesamoid of the foot by radiographic study in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 1034 radiographs of the foot (anteroposterior and oblique view) performed—the prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoids—descriptive statistics used for data analysis. Results: One thousand thirty-four radiographs did, in which 68% of male and 32% of female patients. In our study, the prevalence of sesamoid bone hallux sesamoid, another sesamoid, and accessory ossicles are 100%, 9.2%, and 25.9%, respectively. The hallux sesamoid visualized in all individuals, (a) medial bipartite, (b) lateral bipartite, and (c) absent medial hallux are (3.38%), (0.58%), (1.16%) respectively. Our study group has three accessory ossicles location: forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. The prevalence of accessory ossicles found to be forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot are (2.03%), (20.5%), (3.3%) respectively. Conclusion: Diagnosis of accessory ossicles and common sesamoids of the foot helps avoid the common pitfall in clinical practice. Accessory ossicles often misdiagnosed as fractures; further imaging is required to confirm the clinical suspicion and decision-making for different management.