A Review of the Shape Evolution and Scenario-based Applications of Search and Rescue Robots

Abstract

This paper focuses on the "shape evolution" of search and rescue robots. According to application scenarios, their shapes are classified into ground-based (tracked, legged-wheeled, etc.), water-based (streamlined), and multi-scenario universal types (wheel-leg hybrid, etc.). The technical characteristics and representative products of each type are analysed. The binding relationship between shape and perception, drive, and human-computer interaction technologies is elaborated. Combined with scenarios such as ruins, underground mines, fire scenes, and freshwater areas, the matching logic between shape and demand is illustrated. Relevant standards related to robot shapes are sorted out, challenges such as the "performance-size" contradiction are analysed, and future directions, including material innovation and intelligent adaptation, are prospected. This paper provides a reference for the shape optimisation and scenario-based applications of search and rescue robots.