A Review on Chandipura virus: Outbreaks and Emerging Infectious Disease for Children in India

Abstract

Chandipura virus, also known as Chandipura vesicular virus is a rare and poorly understood virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus mostly affects children and is known to cause very painful and sometimes fatal brain inflammation. Chandipura disease is a disease caused by infected sandflies. The symptoms include sudden onset of fever, brain changes and seizures, often leading to encephalitis. The rapid growth and high mortality of Chandipura disease establish a major public health problem. Diagnosing Chandipura virus infection in children involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Diagnostic confirmation relies on laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral RNA, and serological assays to identify specific antibodies against the virus. In some cases, viral isolation from blood or cerebrospinal fluid may be performed. Treatment for Chandipura virus infection is primarily supportive, as there are no specific antiviral therapies available. This includes fever management with antipyretics, ensuring adequate hydration, and providing supportive care for neurological symptoms such as seizures or encephalitis. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for close monitoring and advanced supportive measures. Preventative measures, such as reducing sandfly exposure through the use of insect repellent and protective clothing, are crucial in endemic areas to reduce the risk of infection. Public health programs should focus on promoting environmental control measures to reduce sandfly populations, such as proper waste management and eliminating standing water.