An Overview on Nano Niosomes: As an Optimistic Drug Delivery System in Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract

Targeted drug-delivery systems are used for the administration of pharmaceutical medicament enables the localization of drugs to diseased sites. Different types of drug-delivery systems uses carriers, like immunoglobulins, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, liposomes, nanoparticle and microspheres.  Niosomes are an emerging type of novel vesicular systems. Now they are being fervent explored as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery. In addition to conventional, oral, and parenteral routes, they are liable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal, and inhalation routes. Nano-niosomes are non-ionic surfactants based vesicles that are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive than liposomes. Other component, such as cholesterol, can be used to give the rigidity to the niosomes structure.  The unique vesicular structure of niosomes, with their bilayer lamellae assembled by nonionic surfactants, is able to increase the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a period. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. These nonionic vesicular carriers not only transport the pharmacological agents to target site or disease site, avoiding normal tissues and reducing toxicity in the rest of the body, but also protect drugs from degradation, increase the half-life, payload and solubility of drug and reduce renal clearance. This present review describe overview of niosomes formulation aspects, structure, types of niosomes, advantages, and disadvantages, method of preparation as well as some general observations on niosomes.