Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture: A Review

Abstract

This review explores the transformative applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, focusing on its potential to address critical challenges such as pest control, soil degradation, water scarcity, and crop productivity. Nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, and nanocomposites, are being utilized to improve crop protection, fertilization, soil health, and water management. Key innovations include nano-pesticide formulations, slow-release nano-fertilizers, and nano-biosensors for early pest detection. The benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture are vast, offering increased efficiency, sustainability, and economic growth through precision applications and reduced environmental impact. However, concerns around environmental risks, health and safety, and regulatory issues need careful consideration. The review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and the development of safe-use guidelines to harness the full potential of nanotechnology while addressing associated risks. It concludes by highlighting nanotechnology’s promise for sustainable agriculture and its role in securing global food security. Nanotechnology also improves water use efficiency and enables better management of post-harvest produce, offering solutions to issues like spoilage and shelf life.