Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Factors in Children Aged 0-5 Years in Buea Locality, of the South West Region of Cameroon

Abstract

Malnutrition among children under five remains a critical public health challenge in Buea, Cameroon, exacerbated by socio-economic disparities, inadequate feeding practices, and limited healthcare access. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that took place from January 2025 to March 2025. Using Cochran formular to calculate the sample size, random sample of 300 children aged 0 to 5 in Buea and their guardians was carried out taking into consideration ethical considerations. Anthropometric parameters and structured questionnaires of children were measured, socio-demographic data of guardians and children's eating habits were collected, association between socio-demographic factors, dietary practices and malnutrition were identified. The results showed that 50% were well-nourished, while 33.33% and 16.67% experienced moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. Key determinants included low household income, maternal education, and irregular meal patterns. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including community-based nutrition programs, improved food security, and parental education, to mitigate malnutrition and its long-term consequences on child development.