Bio-fabrication and Characterization of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles from Commercial Honey

Abstract

Green approaches to nanoparticle synthesis offer sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, avoiding hazardous chemicals typical in traditional methods. This study characterizes nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) using commercial honey as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization revealed significant disparities between silver NPs (AgNPs) and iron NPs (FeNPs). AgNPs had a larger particle size (Z-average: 3115.67 nm) compared to FeNPs (Z-average: 1813 nm). AgNPs showed a monodisperse population, while FeNPs had a slightly broader size distribution. Additionally, AgNPs had a higher particle concentration (mean count rate: 505.17 kcps) than FeNPs (mean count rate: 296.65 kcps). Both AgNPs and FeNPs displayed negative surface charges, at -6.499 mV and -1.652 mV, respectively, where FeNPs exhibit a slightly higher value. Elemental composition analysis by scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) revealed that AgNPs are primarily composed of silver, carbon, and oxygen, whereas FeNPs consisted mainly of iron, oxygen, and carbon. These findings provide insights into the physical and chemical properties of AgNPs and FeNPs synthesized using commercial honey. Understanding these properties is essential for optimizing synthesis processes and exploring applications in medicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation. The eco-friendly synthesis approach using honey underscores the potential for sustainable nanomaterial production. Further research can explore specific applications and benefits of AgNPs and FeNPs synthesized through this green method, offering an efficient and economical alternative for nanoparticle synthesis.