Canine Brucellosis: Recent Apprises

Abstract

Brucellosis is a disease caused by facultative capnophilic, Gram-negative, intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. Among the Brucella spp. Brucella canis is a significant infectious agent linked to abortion and infertility in canines. This bacterium poses a health risk to both dogs and humans, though human cases are generally less severe than those caused by other Brucella species. The paper aims to present recent appraisals of canine brucellosis. The diagnosis of canine brucellosis in dogs primarily relies on serological methods. These tests have low specificity but high sensitivity, making confirmatory diagnosis more challenging. In recent years, molecular diagnostic techniques have gained popularity. Treatment of infected dogs often leads to frequent relapses and should be considered only in select cases. At present, there are no commercially available vaccines to prevent canine brucellosis. Given the close cohabitation between humans and dogs in urban areas, canine brucellosis should be considered a public health concern. The development of efficacious and safe vaccines is essential to control the spread of B. canis and protect animal and human health. Raising awareness among human health professionals about B. canis could have a significant impact on early detection and prevention efforts.