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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Chemical Constituents and Larvicidal Properties of n-Hexane Extract of Parinari excelsa Seeds

A. Dokubo, F. G. Obomanu, N. Ebere, G. I. Ndukwe

Annual Research & Review in Biology · pp. 14–23 · Published 3 Mar 2021

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i130329

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the chemical compositions and larvicidal effect of n-hexane extract of Parinari excelsa seeds against fourth instar larvae of Culex mosquito after 24 h and 48 h exposure. The chemical composition of n-hexane extract of P. excelsa seeds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Larvicidal activity was performed following standard procedures of World Health Organization (WHO). GC-MS analysis showed that the seed extract of P. excelsa contained hexadecyl phenyl carbonate with highest percentage (7.502%, RT=26.39), followed by tetradecyl phenyl carbonate (5.77%, RT=25.90), 1-methyl cyclohex-3-enyldodecyl fumarate (5.70%, RT=24.58), decyl phenyl carbonate (4.70%, RT=28.64) and the lowest, octadecyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (0.62%, RT=13.71). The result showed significant (p<0.05) mortality of larvae  in 24 h and 48 h of exposure. However, the highest larval mortality  was recorded at 48 h exposure. Result of regression analysis indicated that mortality rate positively correlated with concentration having a regression coefficient (R) close to one in each exposure case. The estimated lethal concentrations (LC50) for 24 h and 48 h exposure were 2.056±0.176 µg/ml and 0.429±0.150 µg/ml respectively. This indicates that larvicidal activity recorded for 48 h exposure was 4.8 times more than that recorded for 24 h exposure. The study demonstrated that n-hexane extract of P. excelsa seeds exhibited larvicidal potential and can be utilized as biopesticides to minimize the multiplication of mosquitoes that transmit vector borne diseases.

Larvicidal activity seeds parinari excelsa mosquito.

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