Communication Channels for Agricultural Information Delivery to Small-scale Maize Farmers in Nandi County, Kenya: Implications for Sustainable Production

Abstract

This paper evaluates the communication channels and platforms used to deliver agricultural information services to farmers in Nandi County, Kenya, with a particular emphasis on their influence on sustainable maize production. The study draws on empirical data collected from a sample of 320 small-scale maize farmers, inferential statistics were employed to generalize the findings from the sample of farmers, selected using Yamane’s sample size formula and a simple random sampling, to the entire population of 2,512 farmers, complemented by qualitative insights from interviews with 1 County Director, 3 Sub-County Agricultural Directors, and 12 agricultural extension officers. The data was collected between the months of May and July 2025. The research design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey. The research gathered detailed information through use of both questionnaires and interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data. It explores existing farming practices, and preferred sources and modes of accessing agricultural information. The analysis also examines the alignment between farmers’ information needs and the communication strategies employed by agricultural stakeholders. The study identifies challenges affecting the effective delivery of Value-Added Agricultural Information Services (VAAIS) in Nandi County. Agricultural extension officers face constraints such as inadequate staffing, limited training opportunities, poor infrastructure, insufficient technological equipment, and unreliable internet connectivity, which hinder their outreach and service delivery. On farmers’ challenges include low digital literacy, limited access to smartphones and internet services, and low education levels, all of which restrict their ability to use digital information platforms effectively. These barriers collectively slow the adoption of modern agricultural technologies and impede efficient information flow between service providers and small-scale farmers. The study recommends strengthening VAAIS in Nandi County through a blended communication approach that combines traditional, interpersonal, and digital platforms. It emphasizes empowering extension services with training, digital tools, and resources to enhance tailored farmer support. Developing inclusive, culturally relevant information packages and improving farmers’ digital literacy are highlighted as key to enhancing access and adoption of agricultural innovations. The study also calls for stronger partnerships with the library, government bodies, the private sector, and farmer groups to improve information exchange, market linkages, and trust.