Current and Future Strategies for AD Therapy

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is an insidious disease of the brain. It is a degenerative and intractable neurological disorder that causes deterioration of memory, judgment, and reasoning in the elderly. About 46.8 million people worldwide are suffering from AD; prevalence is expected to affect 131.5 million by 2050. It is also characterized by myriad of syndrome, diverse theories and multi-factorial causes. It is a syndrome rather than a disease. Pathological hallmarks include; deposition of GPR3 protein in the brain which augment toxic amyloid plaques, abnormal deposition of tau proteins in neurons and its hyperphosphorylation  into NFTs, increased levels of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, neuronal and vascular death due to oxidative stress, inflammation or excessive action of the brain’s immune cells-glial, among others. Currently there is no cure for it and much of the treatments have only been able to delay the progression of the disease. However, this paper attempt to provide update information on available pharmacological regimens and their effectiveness in curtailing AD as well as future therapeutic target.