Dental Caries- The Most Prevailing Disease- An Overview

Abstract

Dental caries, a persistent illness, is distinct to humans and ranks among the most significant global oral health issues currently faced. The breakdown of dental hard acellular tissue occurs due to acidic by-products from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, particularly sucrose. In most individuals, it advances gradually, stemming from an ecological imbalance between oral biofilms and tooth minerals, characterized by microbial activity that leads to fluctuations in plaque pH, influenced by bacterial acid production, the buffering effects of saliva, and the adjacent tooth structure. The microbial community involved in caries is varied and comprises numerous facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. S. Mutant is the most closely linked with it. Dental caries can impact humans in various ways, such as causing tooth pain, infections, or dysfunction in the stomato-gnathic system, which may hinder the essential consumption of nutritious foods, influencing growth in both children and adults, along with their learning, communication abilities, and leisure activities. Additionally, cancers of the mouth and throat, along with lesions in oral tissue, represent a major health issue. Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus and Ludwig’s angina can pose a serious threat to life. As a result, dental disease treatment is necessary, but it can be costly and impractical for various communities due to limited resources like time, personnel, and finances. Consequently, prevention is less expensive. Recommendations should include personal hygiene practices and dietary changes.