Design of Models and Approaches for Commercialization Strategy of Armored Catfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) in Fishing Cooperatives in Southeastern Mexico

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to design a strategic framework for the commercialization of armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) as raw fillet in fishing cooperatives in Southeastern Mexico, integrating organizational, technical, commercial, and sustainability components. Study Design: The research followed a design science research approach focused on the development and validation of a conceptual strategic model without direct field intervention. Place and Duration of Study: The study was contextualized in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, considering approximately 150 fishing cooperatives involved in armored catfish capture activities. The research was conducted between 2024 and 2025. Methodology: The strategy was developed through the integration of scientific literature, conceptual frameworks related to economy, cooperative management, and technical considerations for fish processing and commercialization. The model was validated through expert evaluation by a panel of seven specialists in fisheries, sustainability, food processing, and cooperative management using an iterative feedback process. Results: The proposed model integrates five interconnected components: organizational strengthening, technical processing, financial structure, commercialization strategy, and sustainability integration. Expert evaluation indicated high relevance, feasibility, and adaptability of the model for fishing cooperatives operating in socio-ecological contexts affected by invasive species. The results also highlighted the importance of WhatsApp-based training and artificial intelligence-supported infographics as accessible mechanisms for improving knowledge transfer in rural communities. Previous practical training experiences involving more than 80 cooperative members demonstrated the technical viability of filleting armored catfish and reinforced the practical applicability of the proposed framework. Socially, the model may contribute to alternative income generation, strengthening cooperative organization, and promoting sustainable rural development through the productive utilization of an invasive species. Conclusion: The study provides a structured and replicable strategy for transforming an invasive species into an economic opportunity. The model contributes to sustainable fisheries development by linking environmental management, value-added commercialization, and community-based capacity building. Future research should focus on pilot implementation and longitudinal evaluation of the model in real cooperative contexts.