Diallel Analysis of the Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Southern Regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

Diallel analysis assumes that the genetic interactions contributing to trait variation can be adequately captured by GCA and SCA effects. However, in reality, genetic interactions can be more complex, involving higher-order epistatic interactions, pleiotropy, and other factors that are not accounted for in the traditional diallel analysis, for this purpose, studies were conducted to study the combinatorial ability of wheat varieties widely planted in Uzbekistan. The mode of inheritance for the 1000- kernel weight, vegetation period, plant height, vitreousity, grain yield, mass of grain in the ear and productive accumulation of 4x4 full diallel crosses of wheat varieties was estimated in F1 generation. The results indicated significant differences between the parents for Generаl Combining Ability and cross for Specific Combining Ability, reciprocal effect for 1000- kernel weight, vegetation period, plant height, vitreousity, grain yield, mass of grain in the ear and productive accumulation. However, analysis of variance of combining capable for grain yield indicated that Generаl Combining Ability and Reciprocal effects were highly importance while Specific Combining Ability. Highly significant Generаl Combining Ability and Specific Combining Ability variances showed the predominance of additive, epistatic and dominant genes in controlling this character. In the process of hybridization, the application of the original biped gene is important, and for its appearance in the generation, it is necessary to choose a positive line of General Combining Ability. In this way, it will be possible to pre-estimate the characteristics of the future. A positive and negative heterozygosity for the parent was found for the studied trait, which increased the genetic diversity of the parents.