Economic and Sustainability Assessment of Compressed Earth Bricks in Construction: Evidence from Burkina Faso

Abstract

Earth, an abundant and ancient material, has been used in construction for millennia. It allows for the creation of diverse dwellings, ranging from simple houses to monumental buildings. However, despite its numerous advantages, earthen construction, particularly through Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), is less common than imported materials. These imported materials often fail to meet the demands of climate change, stability, and durability. In Burkina Faso, this phenomenon is particularly pronounced in Ouagadougou, the capital, where earthen architecture is often associated with the image of poor and low-quality housing. Construction represents a strategic sector for economic development, but it remains heavily dependent on expensive and energy-intensive imported materials. Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), made from abundant local materials, appear as a sustainable alternative. This study analyzes the economic challenges related to the use of CEBs in construction in Burkina Faso. Through a comparative cost study, an assessment of its impact on construction and a reflection on sustainability, it appears that CEB is a competitive option, provided it is supported by public policy decisions and better technical standardization.