Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Concentration of Phenolics and Flavonoids in Catharanthus roseus and Assessment of Their Efficacy for Lifespan Extension in Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Objective: In the preparation of plant extract, the extraction method plays a crucial role as it can have a significant impact on the quality of secondary metabolites extracted, as well as their stability and concentration. Methodology: The preliminary methodology in this research was to use two distinct methods of extraction on the leaves of Catharanthus roseus and then test the resulting extract for the quantitative and qualitative determination of phytoconstituents and further evaluating their biological efficiency on Caenorhabditis elegans. Thereafter, the resultant extracts were compared for total flavonoid concentration, total polyphenol content, total antioxidant activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The in vivo efficacy of these extracts was also evaluated for longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) yielded considerably more extracted chemicals (P < 0.05) than the conventional maceration process at 20°C. The free radical scavenging activity was found to be 60% at 1 mg/ml concentration for the extract prepared by Ultrasonication, while for maceration, it was non-significant. The worms' lifespan was improved by 35% using the ultrasound-based extraction approach, and in all instances, a dose-dependent effect was seen. Conclusion: The results also showed that the extraction process used has a vital impact on the extraction yield, the phytochemical content, and the tested biological activities. For Catharanthus roseus extract preparation, the ultrasonication technique yields better quality extraction of phytochemicals and should be given preference over other conventional methods. Catharanthus roseus can be promoted as an herb that improves the life span and is an adaptogen.