Enhancing Post-harvest and Fruit Quality of Capsicum Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

The impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) on a range of post-harvest and fruit quality metrics of capsicum under field experiments were examined in this study. At 50, 100, and 150 mg/L, TiO₂ NPs were sprayed on leaves and applied as seed treatments. Comparing the results to foliar treatments and the control, seed treatments, especially at 50 mg/L, considerably improved fruit quality parameters. The seed treatment with the greatest texture score (8.13), specific gravity (0.93), cuticle thickness (36.96 µm), penetration force (12.05 N), shearing force (78.18 N), moisture content (94.00%), shelf life (7.66 days), and capsaicin content (0.24%) were the 50 mg/L seed treatment. These improvements stemmed from enhanced photosynthesis, cellular structure, and nutrient uptake. Higher foliar concentrations (150 mg/L), on the other hand, demonstrated limited effectiveness and, under certain situations, negative effects that were probably caused by oxidative stress or metabolic imbalance. According to the results, TiO₂ NPs improve turgor pressure, encourage lignification, improve cuticle growth, and stimulate secondary metabolite pathways, all of which have an impact on plant physiology. Better fruit texture, firmness, water retention, and extended shelf life were the outcomes of these changes. The results of this study revealed that best method for improving the physical and biochemical characteristics of capsicum fruits was to apply seeds at low to moderate concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. These findings provide a promising avenue for improving fruit quality and post-harvest performance through nano-enabled agricultural practices. Further studies are recommended to explore long-term environmental impacts and mechanistic pathways.