Environmental and Socioeconomic Implications of Wetland Dynamics in Bamenda III Sub Division, North West Region, Cameroon

Abstract

Uncontrolled urban population growth in Bamenda III Sub-Division, coupled with the human activities has led to escalating wetland degradation which manifests in the form of reclamation, settlement and construction with consequence on wetland ecosystem services. This study sought to examine the socio-economic and environmental implications of wetland dynamics in Bamenda III subdivision. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating spatial analysis of Landsat imagery (2007-2025) to quantify land use change. One hundred and fifty - three (153) questionnaires were administered to the population around wetland areas. This was complimented by interviews with the following municipal and community stakeholders. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequencies, percentages and averages with the aid of Microsoft Office (2016) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Data was presented using maps, tables, bar graphs, histograms and pie charts and shape files were displayed in ArcGIS 10.8. Secondary data sources were also consulted to complement the primary sources. Results revealed that while majority of the population (35.71%) in the SE Zone of Bamenda III are faced with land use conflicts linked to wetland dynamics, those of the NW Zone are characterized by displacement and poverty (7.40%). Pollution and loss of water resources have the highest percentage of 33.33% in the NW Zone of Bamenda III and 7.41% attested to increased flooding. The study therefore recommends that the Bamenda III council should adopt effective land use and zoning control measures to ameliorate the impact of land use change and wetland impacts in the study area. The council should work with the traditional authorities to ensure the protection and sustainable management of the wetlands. The population of Bamenda III  should be involved in decisions concerning wetland management and be sensitized on their importance.