Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ethanolic and Petroleum Ether  Extracts of Commercial Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.)  Merr. & L. M. Perry)

Emir Horozić; Edina Huseinović; Jasmina Dedić; Melisa Šehić; Suada Cipurkovic; Darja Husejnagić; Sanja Brekalo-Lazarević

doi:10.9734/ejmp/2025/v36i51296

Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ethanolic and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Commercial Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry)

Emir Horozić, Edina Huseinović, Jasmina Dedić, Melisa Šehić, Suada Cipurkovic, Darja Husejnagić, Sanja Brekalo-Lazarević

European Journal of Medicinal Plants · pp. 76–86 · Published 15 Oct 2025

10.9734/ejmp/2025/v36i51296

Abstract

In this study, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of commercial cloves were prepared and analyzed. Soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasonic extraction (UAE) were used to prepare the extracts. Phytochemicals from plant material were extracted for 2 hours, in the case of both extraction techniques. The content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, were analyzed in the extracts. The results show an extremely high content of total polyphenols, which was also confirmed by the high antioxidant capacity, confirmed by DPPH and FRAP methods. Antibacterial screening on reference bacterial strains from the WDCM collection shows high potency of clove extracts at the tested concentration. In terms of the efficiency of extraction of bioactive components, petroleum ether in combination with ultrasonic extraction is the most effective. These results may contribute to further research and optimization of the extraction of biologically active components from cloves and related plant materials.

Clove natural antioxidants polyphenols flavonoids antibacterial activity

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Emir Horozić, Edina Huseinović, Jasmina Dedić, Melisa Šehić, Suada Cipurkovic, Darja Husejnagić, Sanja Brekalo-Lazarević (2025). Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ethanolic and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Commercial Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry). European Journal of Medicinal Plants , 76–86. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2025/v36i51296

Affiliations

Emir Horozić — Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vejzagića 8, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Edina Huseinović — Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vezagića 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Jasmina Dedić — Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vezagića 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Melisa Šehić — Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vezagića 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Suada Cipurkovic — Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vezagića 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Darja Husejnagić — Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Urfeta Vezagića 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sanja Brekalo-Lazarević — Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Čekaluša 90, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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